在高考英语中，掌握动词的过去式和过去分词是十分重要的基础技能。这些语法知识点不仅出现在单项选择题中，还会在阅读理解、完形填空以及书面表达中频繁出现。因此，熟悉并准确记忆常见动词的过去式与过去分词显得尤为关键。
一、什么是过去式和过去分词？
1. 过去式：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。例如，“I went to the park yesterday.”中的“went”就是动词“go”的过去式。
2. 过去分词：通常用于构成完成时态，如现在完成时（have/has done）、过去完成时（had done）等。例如，“I have finished my homework.”中的“finished”是动词“finish”的过去分词。
二、常见动词的过去式与过去分词
以下是一些高考英语中常见的动词及其对应的过去式和过去分词：
| 动词原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词|
|----------|--------------|---------------|
| ask| asked| asked |
| begin| began| begun |
| break| broke| broken|
| bring| brought| brought |
| build| built| built |
| buy| bought | bought|
| catch| caught | caught|
| choose | chose| chosen|
| come | came | come|
| cut| cut| cut |
| do | did| done|
| draw | drew | drawn |
| drive| drove| driven|
| eat| ate| eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen|
| feel | felt | felt|
| find | found| found |
| fly| flew | flown |
| get| got| gotten|
| give | gave | given |
| go | went | gone|
| grow | grew | grown |
| have | had| had |
| hear | heard| heard |
| hide | hid| hidden|
| hold | held | held|
| hurt | hurt | hurt|
| keep | kept | kept|
| know | knew | known |
| learn| learned/learnt| learned/learnt|
| leave| left | left|
| lend | lent | lent|
| let| let| let |
| lie| lay| lain|
| light| lit| lit |
| lose | lost | lost|
| make | made | made|
| mean | meant| meant |
| meet | met| met |
| pay| paid | paid|
| put| put| put |
| read | read | read|
| ride | rode | ridden|
| ring| rang | rung|
| rise| rose | risen |
| run | ran| run |
| say | said | said|
| see | saw| seen|
| seek| sought | sought|
| sell| sold | sold|
| send| sent | sent|
| set | set| set |
| shake | shook| shaken|
| shine | shone| shone |
| shoot | shot | shot|
| show| showed | shown |
| shrink| shrank | shrunk|
| sing| sang | sung|
| sink| sank | sunk|
| sit | sat| sat |
| sleep | slept| slept |
| slide | slid | slid|
| smell | smelt| smelt |
| speak | spoke| spoken|
| spell | spelt/spelled| spelt/spelled |
| spend | spent| spent |
| stand | stood| stood |
| steal | stole| stolen|
| swim| swam | swum|
| take| took | taken |
| teach | taught | taught|
| tear| tore | torn|
| tell| told | told|
| think | thought| thought |
| throw | threw| thrown|
| understand| understood | understood|
| wake| woke | woken |
| wear| wore | worn|
| win | won| won |
| write | wrote| written |
三、记忆技巧
为了更好地记住这些动词的变化形式，可以尝试以下方法：
1. 分类记忆：将规则变化和不规则变化分开记忆。规则变化遵循一般规律，而大多数不规则变化需要单独记忆。
2. 联想记忆：通过故事或者图像将动词与其过去式和过去分词联系起来。
3. 反复练习：通过默写、听写等方式不断强化记忆。
四、实战应用
在实际考试中，可以通过以下方式检验自己的掌握程度：
1. 填空题：根据上下文填写适当的过去式或过去分词。
2. 改错题：找出句子中动词使用错误的地方，并改正。
3. 翻译题：将中文句子翻译成英文，注意时态的选择。
通过以上方法，相信你能够在高考英语中熟练运用动词的过去式和过去分词，为取得优异成绩打下坚实的基础。加油！
