【归纳英语中就近原则和就远原则的词组】在英语语法中，"就近原则"（Proximity Rule）和"就远原则"（Distance Rule）是两种常见的语法规则，尤其在主谓一致、动词形式选择以及句子结构中经常出现。它们决定了某些词或成分在句中的位置如何影响句子的正确性。以下是对这些规则相关的常见词组进行的归纳总结。
一、就近原则（Proximity Rule）
就近原则指的是在某些情况下，句子的主语或动词的选择更倾向于靠近它的修饰成分，而不是根据整个句子的逻辑来决定。这种现象常出现在由“either...or”、“neither...nor”等连接两个并列成分的结构中。
| 常见词组 | 说明 | 示例 |
| either...or | 当两个主语由“either...or”连接时，谓语动词通常与最近的主语保持一致 | Either the teacher or the students are responsible. |
| neither...nor | 同样，谓语动词与最近的主语一致 | Neither the students nor the teacher is to blame. |
| not only...but also | 谓语动词与最近的主语一致 | Not only the students but also the teacher is late. |
| as well as | 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 | The teacher, as well as the students, is responsible. |
二、就远原则（Distance Rule）
就远原则是指在某些结构中，谓语动词的选择更倾向于远离它所修饰的主语，而根据更远的主语来决定。这种情况较少见，但仍然存在，尤其是在一些复杂句型中。
| 常见词组 | 说明 | 示例 |
| with, along with, together with, as well as | 这些介词短语引导的成分不改变主语的单复数，谓语动词仍与主语一致 | The manager, along with his team, is going on a trip. |
| accompanied by, including, followed by | 类似地，这些短语后的成分不影响主语的单复数 | The group, including two new members, is ready. |
| more than one + 名词 | 尽管表示多个，但谓语动词用单数 | More than one student has passed the exam. |
| a number of + 复数名词 | 表示“许多”，谓语动词用复数 | A number of students have joined the club. |
三、对比总结
| 规则类型 | 定义 | 典型结构 | 动词形式 | 举例 |
| 就近原则 | 谓语动词与最近的主语一致 | either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also | 与最近的主语一致 | The teacher or the students are responsible. |
| 就远原则 | 谓语动词与较远的主语一致 | with, along with, as well as, more than one | 与较远的主语一致 | The manager, along with his team, is going. |
四、小结
在实际应用中，英语学习者需要特别注意“就近原则”和“就远原则”的区别，尤其是在使用复合主语或带有附加成分的句子中。理解这些规则有助于提高语法准确性，避免常见的错误。通过掌握这些词组及其对应的语法规则，可以更自然地运用英语进行表达。
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